纵梁（也叫长纵梁）是纵向上比较细长的构件，与蒙皮相连，起到支撑蒙皮的作用。一般也与翼肋相连，由翼肋支撑。纵梁是纵向骨架中重要的受力构件之一，承受机翼弯矩产生的轴向力和局部气动力产生的剪力。这些力的大小取决于翼型的结构形式，并决定了纵梁的横截面形状和面积。
Longitudinal beam (also known as long longitudinal beam) is a relatively slender member in the longitudinal direction, which is connected with the skin and plays the role of supporting the skin. Generally, it is also connected with the wing rib and supported by the wing rib. The longitudinal beam is one of the important stressed members in the longitudinal skeleton, which bears the axial force generated by the wing bending moment and the shear force generated by the local aerodynamic force. The magnitude of these forces depends on the structural form of the airfoil and determines the cross-sectional shape and area of the longitudinal beam.
梁根据切口的形状有开截面和闭截面，按制造方法有板弯梁和挤压梁。翼型光滑，易于固定在皮肤和其他部件上。板弯曲闭合轮廓，可增加轮廓和蒙皮压缩的临界应力。挤压型材的腹板通常比板弯型材厚，在其他条件相同的情况下，其临界应力较高，但难以与蒙皮（尤其是大曲率的蒙皮）紧固。
According to the shape of the notch, the beam has open section and closed section, and according to the manufacturing method, there are plate bending beam and extrusion beam. The airfoil is smooth and easy to fix on the skin and other parts. Bending the closed contour of the plate can increase the critical stress of the contour and skin compression. The web of extruded profile is usually thicker than that of plate bending profile. Under the same other conditions, its critical stress is high, but it is difficult to fasten with the skin (especially the skin with large curvature).
晶石
Spar
翼梁由梁的腹板和边缘（或翼缘）组成，大部分与中翼截面或与机身固定在根部，截面为I-形或槽形。梁是简单的受力构件，边承受弯矩M。由拉伸和压缩引起的轴向力。由支柱加筋的腹板承受剪力Q，能承受力矩Mt引起的剪流，
The wing beam is composed of the web and edge (or flange) of the beam, most of which are fixed at the root with the middle wing section or with the fuselage, and the section is I-shaped or groove shaped. The beam is a simple stressed member, and the side bears the bending moment M. Axial force caused by tension and compression. The web reinforced by the column bears the shear force Q and can bear the shear flow caused by the moment Mt,
在这两种情况下，翼型周边都是封闭和剪切的。在某些结构形式中，它是翼型的主要纵向受力构件，承受翼型的全部或大部分弯矩。
In both cases, the periphery of the airfoil is closed and sheared. In some structural forms, it is the main longitudinal load-bearing member of the airfoil, bearing all or most of the bending moments of the airfoil.
夹层箱结构主要针对厚度相对较小的翼型，上下夹层蒙皮的内板靠得太近，造成全厚度夹层或全填充夹层结构。它是一种夹层箱翼，以泡沫为填充物。在这种结构中，除了机翼的尖端和根部外，没有设置其他肋条。上蒙皮通过芯体由下蒙皮支撑，应力水平高，结构重量轻；但该结构不能在内部装载，一般用于空载的外翼结构。
Sandwich box structure is mainly for airfoils with relatively small thickness. The inner plates of the upper and lower sandwich skins are too close, resulting in full thickness sandwich or full filled sandwich structure. It is a sandwich box wing filled with foam. In this structure, there are no other ribs except the tip and root of the wing. The upper skin is supported by the lower skin through the core, with high stress level and light structural weight; However, this structure cannot be loaded internally, and is generally used for unloaded outer wing structures.
机翼由于速度不同，飞机类型不同，一般有多种不同的平面形状，分别有直翼、后掠翼和三角翼。例如，直翼主要用于低速飞机，后掠翼主要用于高亚音速和超音速飞机，三角翼和小展弦比直翼用于超音速飞机。
Due to different speeds and aircraft types, wings generally have many different plane shapes, including straight wings, swept wings and delta wings. For example, straight wings are mainly used for low-speed aircraft, swept wings are mainly used for high subsonic and supersonic aircraft, delta wings and small aspect ratio straight wings are used for supersonic aircraft.
大型航空模型制作厂家提醒您，不同类型的翼型通常使用不同形式的翼型结构。即使是同一类型的扁平型材，其结构形式也会因具体的设计要求而有所不同。
Large aircraft model manufacturers remind you that different types of airfoils usually use different forms of airfoil structures. Even for the same type of flat profile, its structural form will vary according to specific design requirements.
从现代飞机的翼型结构来看，薄皮梁结构很少使用。大型高亚音速现代运输机和部分超音速战斗机采用多波束整体结构；马赫数较大的超音速战斗机，多采用多壁（或多梁）机翼结构，或采用混合结构。例如，在根部要开孔的部分采用横梁式，在较薄的外端采用单块式，以增加刚度。
Judging from the airfoil structure of modern aircraft, thin skin beam structure is rarely used. Large high subsonic modern transport aircraft and some supersonic fighters adopt multi beam integral structure; Supersonic fighters with large Mach number usually adopt multi wall (or multi beam) wing structure or hybrid structure. For example, the part to be perforated at the root adopts the beam type, and the thin outer end adopts the single block type to increase the stiffness.
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