航天模型,顾名思义是仿航天器外形制作的一种可回收模型,隶属于航空航天模型,是供运动用的一种不载人的飞行器,其动力为模型火箭发动机,即一种微型固体火箭发动机。由于航天模型多呈火箭状,故通称模型火箭。
Aerospace model, as the name suggests, is a recyclable model made by imitating the shape of spacecraft. It belongs to aerospace model. It is a non manned aircraft for operation. Its power is model rocket motor, that is, a micro solid rocket motor. Because most Aerospace models are rocket like, they are generally called model rockets.
换句话说,模型火箭是指不利用气动升力去克服重力,而是靠模型火箭发动机推进升空的一种航空模型;它装有使之安全返回地面的以便再次飞行的回收装置;为确保安全,它的结构部件必须由非金属材料制成。
In other words, model rocket refers to an aviation model that does not use aerodynamic lift to overcome gravity, but relies on model rocket engine to promote lift off; It is equipped with a recovery device to safely return to the ground for re flight; In order to ensure safety, its structural parts must be made of non-metallic materials.
模型火箭虽小,然而它要靠模型火箭发动机推进才能在大气中飞行。因此,设计和制做模型火箭需要多方面的知识,如空气动力学、火箭飞行力学等。要研究模型火箭在空气中飞行的稳定性和空气对它的阻力;要分析火箭的飞行轨迹,计算它的飞行高度;有条件时,还可以对模型火箭进行风洞试验,确定火箭更佳外形;进行模型火箭发动机静态性能测试试验,测量推力和工作时间,计算总冲量。
Although the model rocket is small, it depends on the propulsion of the model rocket engine to fly in the atmosphere. Therefore, designing and making a model rocket requires a variety of knowledge, such as aerodynamics, rocket flight mechanics and so on. To study the stability of the model rocket flying in the air and the resistance of the air to it; Analyze the flight path of the rocket and calculate its flight altitude; When conditions permit, wind tunnel tests can also be carried out on the model rocket to determine the best shape of the rocket; The static performance test of model rocket engine is carried out, the thrust and working time are measured, and the total impulse is calculated.
在发达国家的一些高等学校里,在理工科有关的课程上,甚至一些中学的物理课上,教师们经常以模型火箭作为讲课的题材,并在此基础上指导学生开展一些课题研究和模型火箭的制作。
In some colleges and universities in developed countries, in science and engineering related courses, and even in physics classes in some middle schools, teachers often take model rockets as the subject matter of lectures, and guide students to carry out some subject research and model rocket production on this basis.