一、材料类型选择

1、 Material type selection

航空铝合金（如 6061-T6）

Aviation aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6)

优势：强度重量比高（屈服强度 276MPa），耐腐蚀性好，适合主承力结构

Advantages: High strength to weight ratio (yield strength 276MPa), good corrosion resistance, suitable for main load-bearing structures

应用：机翼主梁、机身框架，厚度控制在 1-3mm

Application: Wing main beam, fuselage frame, thickness controlled within 1-3mm

验证：通过超声波探伤检测内部缺陷，盐雾测试达 500 小时

Verification: Internal defects are detected through ultrasonic testing, and salt spray testing lasts for 500 hours

碳纤维复合材料（T700 / 环氧树脂）

Carbon fiber composite material (T700/epoxy resin)

优势：比强度是钢的 7 倍（拉伸强度 4900MPa），适合曲面蒙皮

Advantages: The specific strength is 7 times that of steel (tensile strength 4900MPa), suitable for curved skin

工艺：采用真空袋压成型，纤维方向与应力方向夹角≤15°

Process: Vacuum bag compression molding is adopted, and the angle between the fiber direction and the stress direction is ≤ 15 °

注意：需预埋金属嵌件解决连接问题

Attention: Pre embedded metal fittings are required to solve the connection problem

ABS 工程塑料（熔体流动速率 1.2g/10min）

ABS engineering plastic (melt flow rate 1.2g/10min)

优势：易注塑成型，表面粗糙度 Ra≤0.8μm，适合复杂气动外形

Advantages: Easy injection molding, surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.8 μ m, suitable for complex aerodynamic shapes

改性：添加 5% 玻璃纤维增强，弯曲模量提升至 2.5GPa

Modification: Adding 5% glass fiber reinforcement, the bending modulus is increased to 2.5GPa

轻木（巴尔沙木）

Light wood (Balsamwood)

优势：密度仅 120kg/m?，抗压强度 8MPa，适合非承力结构

Advantages: Density of only 120kg/m?, Compressive strength of 8MPa, suitable for non load bearing structures

处理：表面浸涂环氧树脂增强抗湿性，厚度≤10mm

Treatment: Surface coating with epoxy resin to enhance moisture resistance, thickness ≤ 10mm

二、性能指标要求

2、 Performance indicator requirements

结构强度

structural strength

屈服强度≥150MPa（静态模型），疲劳强度≥80MPa（动态展示）

Yield strength ≥ 150MPa (static model), fatigue strength ≥ 80MPa (dynamic display)

模态分析：一阶固有频率需避开 50Hz 振动源

Modal analysis: The first-order natural frequency should avoid the 50Hz vibration source

轻量化设计

lightweight design

密度控制：主结构材料≤2.8g/cm?，内部采用蜂窝夹层结构

Density control: Main structural material ≤ 2.8g/cm?, Internally adopts a honeycomb sandwich structure

典型案例：空客 A380 模型使用碳纤维 - 铝蜂窝复合板，重量降低 40%

Typical case: The Airbus A380 model uses carbon fiber aluminum honeycomb composite panels, reducing weight by 40%

环境适应性

Environmental adaptability

温变范围：-40℃~80℃无变形（采用 PC/ABS 合金）

Temperature range: -40 ℃~80 ℃ without deformation (using PC/ABS alloy)

阻燃等级：UL94 V-0 级（电子设备舱区域）

Flame retardant rating: UL94 V-0 (electronic equipment compartment area)

三、加工工艺适配

3、 Process adaptation

金属成型

metal forming

数控折弯：R 角半径≥2 倍板厚，避免应力集中

CNC bending: R-angle radius ≥ 2 times the plate thickness to avoid stress concentration

激光焊接：能量密度 10^6W/cm?，焊缝宽度≤0.3mm

Laser welding: energy density of 10 ^ 6W/cm?, Weld seam width ≤ 0.3mm

复合材料加工

Composite material processing

铺层设计：采用 [0/±45/90] s 对称铺层，层间剪切强度≥50MPa

Laying design: Adopting [0/± 45/90] s symmetrical laying, interlayer shear strength ≥ 50MPa

固化工艺：120℃×2h 热压罐固化，孔隙率≤1%

Curing process: 120 ℃ × 2h hot press can curing, porosity ≤ 1%

3D 打印技术

3D printing technology

材料选择：尼龙 12（断裂伸长率 25%），适合复杂内部结构

Material selection: Nylon 12 (25% elongation at break), suitable for complex internal structures

精度控制：层厚 0.05mm，尺寸误差 ±0.1mm

Accuracy control: layer thickness of 0.05mm, dimensional error of ± 0.1mm

四、表面处理方案

4、 Surface treatment plan

底漆系统

Primer System

铝合金：铬酸阳极氧化（膜厚 8-15μm）+ 环氧底漆

Aluminum alloy: chromic acid anodizing (film thickness 8-15 μ m)+epoxy primer

复合材料：等离子处理后涂覆聚氨酯底漆

Composite material: coated with polyurethane primer after plasma treatment

面漆工艺

Topcoat process

光泽度：哑光效果（60° 光泽≤20GU），需添加消光剂

Glossiness: Matte effect (60 ° gloss ≤ 20GU), requires the addition of matting agent

耐磨性：铅笔硬度≥2H，附着力划格法 0 级

Wear resistance: Pencil hardness ≥ 2H, adhesion scratch method level 0

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