大型航天模型的发展历程

The Development History of Large Space Models

　　探索飞行奥秘的工具

A tool for exploring the mysteries of flight

　　人类自古以来就幻想着飞行。昆虫、鸟禽、风吹起树叶和上升的炊烟，都曾引起过人类飞行的遐想。西汉刘安在《淮南子》中记载着后羿的妻子嫦娥偷食了长生药而飞上月宫的美妙故事。这反映了古人对飞行的追求和向往。

Humans have been fantasizing about flying since ancient times. Insects, birds, wind blowing leaves, and rising cooking smoke have all sparked the imagination of human flight. Liu An of the Western Han Dynasty recorded in "Huainanzi" the wonderful story of Hou Yi's wife Chang'e stealing the elixir of immortality and flying to the moon palace. This reflects the ancient people's pursuit and longing for flight.

　　在载人的航空器出现之前，人类就创造了许多能飞行的航空模型，不断地探索着飞行的奥秘。距今2000多年前的春秋战国时期，我们的祖先就制作出能飞的木鸟模型。《韩非子》中记载着：“墨子为木鸢，三年而成，飞一日而败。”宋朝李鸢等人编的《太平御览》中也有“张衡尝作木鸟，假以羽翮，腹中施机，能飞数里”的记载。另外，还制作出种类繁多的孔明灯、风筝和竹蜻蜒等。

Before the emergence of manned aircraft, humans had created many aviation models that could fly, constantly exploring the mysteries of flight. Over 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, our ancestors created flying wooden bird models. In "Han Feizi", it is recorded that "Mozi was a wooden kite, completed in three years, but defeated in one day of flight." In the "Taiping Yulan" compiled by Li Yuan and others in the Song Dynasty, there is also a record that "Zhang Heng tried to make a wooden bird, pretended to be a feather and a spear, and could fly several miles with the help of machinery in his belly.". In addition, a wide variety of Kongming lanterns, kites, and bamboo dragonflies were also produced.

　　唐代以后，我国的风筝传到国外，在世界上流传开来。西方有人用风筝做飞行试验，探索制造飞机的可能。美国的莱特兄弟是世界上第一架飞机的制造者，他们的飞机在1903年12月17日试飞成功。他们就是先用大风筝进行种种试验，然后制造出滑翔机，解决了升降、平衡、转弯等问题，最后才把飞机制造成功的。

After the Tang Dynasty, Chinese kites were spread abroad and spread around the world. Some people in the West use kites for flight experiments to explore the possibility of manufacturing airplanes. The Wright brothers of the United States were the manufacturers of the world's first airplane, and their plane successfully flew on December 17, 1903. They first conducted various experiments with large kites, then manufactured gliders to solve problems such as lifting, balancing, and turning, and finally succeeded in manufacturing the aircraft.

　　飞机发明之前，航空模型具有强烈的探索性质，在飞机发明之后，航空模型仍然是研究航空科学的必要工具。每一种新飞机的试制，都要先在风洞里用模型进行试验，甚至连航天飞机这样先进的航空器，也要经过模型试验阶段，取得必要的数据，才能获得成功。

Before the invention of airplanes, aviation models had strong exploratory properties, and after the invention of airplanes, aviation models remained a necessary tool for studying aviation science. The trial production of every new aircraft requires a model to be tested in a wind tunnel, and even advanced aircraft like space shuttles need to go through the model testing stage to obtain necessary data in order to achieve success.

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